According to the Theory of Differential Association, deviance is characterized by:

The Theory of Differential Association, proposed by Edwin Sutherland, suggests that deviance is primarily a learned behavior. According to this theory, individuals develop attitudes, norms, and behaviors through their interactions with others, particularly those who are considered deviant. It posits that if a person is exposed more frequently to values or behaviors that condone deviance than to those that do not, they are more likely to adopt those deviant behaviors themselves.

This perspective emphasizes the social and environmental context in which a person is situated, highlighting the role of peer groups and social influences in shaping behavior. Therefore, the correct answer underscores the idea that deviant behavior arises from learning and socialization with deviant peers rather than from any intrinsic qualities or random occurrences.