Bilateral descent refers to what type of kinship?

Bilateral descent refers to a type of kinship system in which individuals trace their lineage through both their maternal and paternal sides. In societies that practice bilateral descent, individuals recognize kinship ties and responsibilities to both sides of the family equally, meaning that ancestry is linked through both mothers and fathers. This kinship structure often influences social organization, inheritance, and family roles, as relationships with relatives from both sides of the family are considered significant.

In contrast, other systems like unilateral descent focus solely on one side of the family, either maternal or paternal. Thus, the emphasis on both maternal and paternal relations accurately characterizes bilateral descent, making it the correct choice.