Crystallized intelligence is characterized by:

Crystallized intelligence refers to the ability to utilize knowledge, skills, and experiences that have been accumulated over a lifetime. This type of intelligence encompasses things like verbal skills, understanding of complex concepts, and knowledge derived from past learning and social experiences. It allows individuals to solve problems and make decisions based on the information they have gathered.

Choosing the option that describes crystallized intelligence as "the ability to think logically using specific knowledge" captures the essence of what crystallized intelligence is all about. It is not limited to logical reasoning in a general sense; rather, it emphasizes the application of specific knowledge that one has developed through learning and experience.

In contrast, other aspects of intelligence can change with age, particularly fluid intelligence, which often declines as one gets older. Therefore, options associated with decline due to aging or lacking logical reasoning do not accurately depict crystallized intelligence. Furthermore, improvisation and adaptation are more closely related to fluid intelligence, as they require the ability to think abstractly and solve novel problems rather than relying solely on accumulated knowledge.