During which cognitive stage do children begin to think theoretically and philosophically?

The formal operational stage, which occurs approximately between the ages of 12 and adulthood according to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, is characterized by the capacity for abstract thinking. During this stage, individuals develop the ability to think logically about hypothetical situations, engage in systematic problem-solving, and consider the possibilities and implications of different scenarios. This includes theoretical and philosophical thinking, where children and adolescents can contemplate concepts like justice, morality, and the nature of existence.

In contrast, the earlier stages focus on other cognitive developments. In the preoperational stage, children are more engaged in symbolic thinking and imaginative play but still struggle with logical reasoning and understanding abstract concepts. The concrete operational stage marks a turning point where logical thought emerges, but it remains tied to concrete, tangible experiences rather than abstract or theoretical reasoning. The sensorimotor stage, occurring from birth to about 2 years of age, involves learning through sensory experiences and physical interactions with the environment, without any capability for abstract thought or reasoning.

Thus, the formal operational stage is distinctly when children begin to theorize and philosophize, making it the correct answer.