How does projection function as a defense mechanism?

Projection functions as a defense mechanism by allowing individuals to attribute their own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or impulses to someone else. This process helps to alleviate anxiety or discomfort that arises from recognizing these qualities within oneself that may be socially unacceptable or cause distress. For example, a person who feels hostility might accuse another person of harboring hostile feelings or intentions, thereby distancing themselves from the anxiety of acknowledging their own hostile thoughts.

When individuals utilize projection, they are essentially avoiding confrontation with their own undesirable traits by seeing them reflected in others. This mechanism can serve both as a coping strategy to protect self-esteem and as a way to simplify complex emotions. Considering the overall function of various defense mechanisms, projection specifically highlights the tendency to externalize internal conflicts rather than addressing them directly, which can complicate interpersonal relationships and self-awareness.