How is arousal defined in psychological terms?

Arousal in psychological terms is defined as a state of physiological and psychological tension. This interpretation encompasses various physiological processes, such as increased heart rate, heightened respiration, and activation of the autonomic nervous system, which occur in response to stimuli. Simultaneously, arousal involves psychological components, including emotional and cognitive states that influence how individuals perceive and react to their environment.

The concept of arousal is central to various psychological theories, including the James-Lange theory of emotion, which suggests that physiological arousal precedes and contributes to the experience of emotion. Arousal can affect attention, motivation, and overall behavior, playing a critical role in how individuals experience and interact with their surroundings.

Understanding arousal as a combination of both physiological and psychological elements provides insight into how humans prepare for action, experience emotions, and respond to different situations in life.