What are formal norms?

Formal norms are rules that are precisely defined and often enforced by institutions, such as laws and regulations. These norms typically govern specific behaviors and are documented in a clear manner to ensure consistency in their application. For example, laws against theft or traffic regulations serve as formal norms that individuals are expected to follow, and violations of these norms usually result in some form of punishment or legal consequences, reinforcing their importance in maintaining order within society.

In contrast, unwritten societal expectations, general guidelines for behavior, and cultural traditions may be influential in shaping behavior but do not have the same level of enforcement or specificity as formal norms. These other options are more about societal values and customs rather than explicit, codified rules that are enforced through systematic measures. Thus, the defining characteristic of formal norms lies in their well-defined nature and the institutional mechanisms that uphold them.