What are the intended and obvious consequences of a social structure called?

The intended and obvious consequences of a social structure are referred to as manifest functions. This concept, rooted in the works of sociologist Robert K. Merton, highlights the clear and intended outcomes that can be predicted from the existence of a particular social institution or structure. For instance, the manifest function of a school is to educate students and prepare them for future roles in society. These functions are recognized and acknowledged by society at large, making them evident in social interactions and institutional goals.

In contrast, latent functions refer to the unintended and often unrecognized consequences that arise from social structures. For example, while a school primarily aims to educate, it may also create social networks and foster friendships among students, which are not the reasons for its establishment. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify how different aspects of social structures operate within society.