What characterizes secure attachment in infants?

Secure attachment in infants is characterized by their emotional responses related to their caregiver's presence and absence. When infants with a secure attachment experience the departure of their caregiver, they typically exhibit signs of distress, indicating that they value the caregiver's presence and rely on them for comfort and security. This distress reflects their ability to form strong emotional bonds.

Upon the caregiver's return, securely attached infants actively seek contact and comfort, showing affection and a desire to reconnect. This behavior demonstrates that they feel safe exploring their environment but will turn to their caregiver for support when needed.

The other scenarios describe different attachment styles. For example, not reacting when the caregiver leaves suggests avoidance or an insecure attachment. Exploring freely without concern can indicate a lack of attachment or insecure attachment, as they may not feel the need to check in with the caregiver. Remaining indifferent to the caregiver’s presence also signifies an insecure attachment style, where the infant does not use the caregiver as a source of comfort or safety.