What defines temperament according to the text?

Temperament is defined as an innate foundation of personality, which encompasses the biologically based individual differences in emotional and behavioral responses. This concept explains that temperament is present from a young age and is linked to biological factors, such as genetics and neurodevelopment. It serves as the groundwork for how individuals typically respond to their experiences, interact with their environment, and express emotions.

This understanding emphasizes that temperament is not something that is learned or shaped primarily by social interactions or conscious choices. Rather, it reflects stable individual differences that emerge early in life, suggesting a more inherent aspect of personality formation. Recognizing temperament as innate helps to differentiate it from personality traits that may develop and evolve over time due to various influences.