What does cognitive dissonance theory explain?

Cognitive dissonance theory explains the psychological discomfort that arises when an individual holds two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or attitudes, or when their behavior conflicts with their beliefs. This discomfort leads to a desire to reduce the internal conflict, motivating the individual to either change their behavior, change their beliefs, or rationalize the discrepancy in some way.

The theory emphasizes the significance of maintaining internal consistency. When faced with cognitive dissonance, individuals are likely to seek harmony between their cognitive elements, which can manifest as altering their attitudes or justifying their actions to align better with their beliefs. This drive for consistency is what underpins the correct answer, highlighting the crucial role that cognitive dissonance plays in explaining changes in attitudes and behaviors as individuals strive to minimize internal conflict.