What does deviance refer to in a social context?

Deviance in a social context is best understood as behavior that violates social norms. Social norms are the implicit or explicit rules that a group uses to determine appropriate and acceptable behaviors for its members. When an individual engages in actions that significantly diverge from these norms, it is classified as deviance. This concept plays a critical role in sociology, as it highlights how societies define and respond to behaviors that are considered atypical or unacceptable.

Understanding deviance involves recognizing that it is not inherently negative; rather, it can manifest in various forms, from minor violations to major criminal acts, depending on the cultural and situational context. The definition is not simply about breaking rules but encompasses the broader implications for group dynamics, societal values, and potential social change when norms are challenged. This perspective positions deviance as a pivotal concept for examining social integration, control, and the evolution of cultural norms over time.