What does intersectionality refer to in social sciences?

Intersectionality refers to the overlap of social categories affecting individuals and their experiences, which is why the selected answer is accurate. This concept emphasizes that individuals can belong to multiple social groups simultaneously, such as race, gender, sexuality, and class. Each of these categories can interact in complex ways to shape unique experiences of privilege and oppression.

For example, a Black woman may face different challenges compared to a white woman or a Black man, as her experience is influenced by both her race and gender. This multifaceted perspective allows for a deeper understanding of social inequalities and the various factors that contribute to an individual's social identity.

In contrast, the other options do not capture the essence of intersectionality. The notion of distinct separation of social categories does not reflect the interconnected nature of these identities. Ranking social categories by importance oversimplifies the complexities of individual experiences by suggesting a hierarchy that does not account for the varied and interconnected nature of social identity. Lastly, the elimination of discrimination in society refers to a goal or outcome rather than a theoretical framework for understanding how overlapping identities operate in social contexts.