What does reaction formation entail in psychological defense mechanisms?

Reaction formation is a psychological defense mechanism in which an individual transforms an unacknowledged, distressing impulse into its opposite. This mechanism often involves expressing feelings or behaviors that are diametrically opposed to one's internal feelings or desires. For example, a person who feels a strong dislike for someone may instead show excessive friendliness towards that person, masking their true feelings.

This defense mechanism is often employed when an individual feels discomfort about their actual feelings due to social norms or personal values, leading them to adopt an exaggerated or contrary stance to avoid confronting those emotions. Such an approach serves to protect the individual from anxiety or conflict associated with their true feelings.

In the context of psychological defenses, reaction formation plays a significant role in managing internal conflict and maintaining social relationships by presenting an acceptable facade to the outside world.