What does social stratification refer to?

Social stratification refers to the categorization of people based on various social characteristics, which can include factors such as wealth, income, education, race, and occupation. This classification results in a structured ranking system where individuals or groups have differing amounts of power, privilege, and resources. The concept highlights how social hierarchies are established and maintained, illustrating the disparities in access to opportunities and the influence of social structures on individual life chances.

Understanding social stratification is crucial in sociology and psychology, as it aids in analyzing the effects of societal structures on behavior and the social environment. Factors such as systemic inequities contribute to how groups experience and navigate social realities, affecting everything from health outcomes to educational attainment and overall well-being.