What does the term out-group refer to?

The term out-group refers to a group with which an individual does not identify and may perceive negatively or with hostility. In social psychology, individuals often categorize themselves into groups (in-groups) based on shared characteristics, beliefs, or affiliations. The out-group consists of those who are seen as outsiders or different from the in-group, leading to a distinction that can foster stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination.

This concept is essential in understanding social dynamics, as it highlights how group identity affects perceptions and interactions between different social groups. Individuals may exhibit favoritism toward their in-group while demonstrating bias against the out-group, which can manifest in various social settings, including workplace environments, community relations, and broader societal interactions. Identifying the out-group can also bring about a sense of belonging to the in-group, reinforcing social bonds among its members.

Understanding this distinction is key in recognizing how social influences shape behaviors, attitudes, and societal challenges regarding cohesion and conflict among various groups.