What is defined as the conversion of working memory into long-term memory?

The conversion of working memory into long-term memory is best defined as consolidation. Consolidation involves the process whereby newly acquired information is stabilized and integrated into existing memory networks, transitioning it from a temporary, short-term state to a more permanent long-term state. This process can occur over time, often involving synaptic changes that enable memories to be retained for extended periods.

The concept emphasizes that simply having information in working memory does not guarantee it will be remembered long-term; rather, it must undergo consolidation, which may involve rehearsal, organization, and integration with existing knowledge. This process is crucial for effective learning and retention of information.

In contrast, encoding refers to the initial process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory, while retrieval involves accessing and bringing stored memories into consciousness. Storage refers to the actual maintenance of encoded information in the memory system. Each of these processes plays a role in memory function, but consolidation specifically addresses the transition from a temporary to a more enduring memory form.