What is memory consolidation?

Memory consolidation refers specifically to the process through which newly acquired information is transformed into a stable, long-lasting memory. This involves the strengthening of neural networks that represent these memories. During consolidation, synaptic connections are reinforced, which enhances the retention and stability of the memories over time.

The process typically occurs in stages, beginning with the initial encoding of information and progressing towards the long-term storage of that information. It is crucial for understanding how experiences and learned information become integrated into an individual's memory system.

This distinguishing feature sets memory consolidation apart from the other concepts mentioned in the choices. For instance, forgetting irrelevant information does not contribute to the formation of lasting memories and instead pertains to memory retrieval and efficiency. The transfer of memories from long-term to short-term is also not an accurate depiction of consolidation, as it is actually the reverse process: consolidating memories tends to stabilize and maintain them in long-term storage. Lastly, the ability to retrieve memories quickly reflects performance related to memory but does not encompass the process of how memories are initially stabilized and strengthened in the brain following their formation.