What is proactive interference?

Proactive interference refers to a phenomenon in memory where previously learned information interferes with the ability to learn or recall new information. This occurs when older memories disrupt the retrieval process of newer memories. For example, if someone has learned one language, they may find it difficult to learn a second language because the rules and vocabulary of the first language can interfere with the new language they are trying to acquire.

This concept is important in understanding how memory works and highlights the complexity of cognitive processes related to learning and recall. Proactive interference is often contrasted with retroactive interference, where new information hinders the recall of older information.

The other options do not accurately describe proactive interference: the first option incorrectly states that it strengthens recall of newer information, which contradicts the fundamental nature of proactive interference as being disruptive. The third option inaccurately associates proactive interference with memory construction, which typically refers to the processes involved in the formation of new memories rather than interference. The fourth option relates to the sources of memory but does not address the specific interference aspect of proactive interference.