What is the appraisal view of stress based on?

The appraisal view of stress is centered on the concept that individuals evaluate or appraise stressors before experiencing stress responses. This theory posits that the way people interpret and assess a situation largely determines their emotional and physiological reactions to it.

In particular, two key types of appraisals are significant: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. During primary appraisal, a person evaluates whether an event is a threat or a challenge. This assessment can lead to feelings of anxiety or empowerment, depending on the perceived implications of the event. After this initial evaluation, secondary appraisal occurs, where individuals assess their ability to cope with or manage the stressor. This influences whether they feel they have the resources to handle the situation or not, further shaping their emotional response.

Thus, the appraisal view highlights the cognitive evaluations and interpretations made by individuals, which significantly influence their reactions to stress. Understanding this mechanism underscores the importance of cognitive processes in emotional and stress responses, showcasing that it is not merely the presence of stressors but how one perceives and responds to them that defines their experience of stress.