What is the function of working memory?

The function of working memory is best described as the combination of storing and using short-term memory. Working memory allows individuals to hold information temporarily while also manipulating it for cognitive tasks, such as reasoning, comprehension, and learning. This dynamic system is crucial for tasks that require attention and control over cognitive processes because it does not just act as a passive store of information; it also plays a key role in actively processing and integrating information needed for immediate tasks.

In contrast to more permanent storage systems used in long-term memory, working memory maintains information for short durations, typically seconds to a few minutes, while it is being actively engaged. Therefore, it serves as a critical component for tasks that involve mental calculations, following instructions, or problem-solving, as it allows individuals to keep relevant information accessible and usable.

The other options reflect alternative memory functions that do not accurately capture the role of working memory. Permanent storage of information corresponds to long-term memory, while long-term retention of learned skills relates to procedural memory, which involves extensive practice. Processing information through visual representation pertains to specific modalities of information rather than the interactive and transient nature of working memory.