What kind of drug are barbiturates classified as?

Barbiturates are classified as depressants because they act on the central nervous system by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This leads to increased neuronal inhibition, resulting in sedation, relaxation, and a reduction in anxiety. Depressants can lower arousal levels and slow down brain function, which aligns with the known effects of barbiturates, including the potential for decreased heart rate and respiratory depression in high doses.

In contrast, stimulants focus on increasing arousal and alertness, often enhancing mood and energy levels. Opioid analgesics are primarily used for pain relief and work by binding to specific receptors in the brain to reduce the perception of pain. Hallucinogens alter perception, mood, and cognitive processes, often leading to altered sensory experiences. Understanding these categories helps clarify the specific effects of different drug classes on the body and mind, highlighting why barbiturates are classified as depressants.