What type of brainwaves are detected by an EEG when a person is fully alert and awake?

In a fully alert and awake state, the brain predominantly exhibits beta waves. These waves are characterized by their high frequency (usually in the range of 13-30 Hz) and low amplitude, indicating that the brain is actively engaged in cognitive tasks such as problem-solving, decision-making, or attentive conversation. Beta activity is often associated with states of heightened alertness and active concentration, making it the primary wave pattern observed in individuals who are fully awake and attentive.

In contrast, alpha waves are typically observed when a person is relaxed but still awake, often appearing when someone is meditating or resting quietly. Delta waves represent deep sleep patterns, characterized by low frequency (1-4 Hz) and high amplitude, resulting in a lack of consciousness. Theta waves, on the other hand, are associated with light sleep, deep relaxation, or the early stages of sleep and can also occur during states of creativity or daydreaming. Therefore, the presence of beta waves is the key indicator of an awake and alert state in EEG readings.