What type of reasoning does Kohlberg's Post-conventional morality stage emphasize?

Kohlberg's Post-conventional morality stage emphasizes universal ethical principles that are adaptable. This stage reflects a level of moral reasoning where individuals make decisions based on abstract reasoning and personal principles of justice, equality, and respect for human rights, rather than solely on societal rules or authority.

At this stage, moral reasoning transcends the rules and norms of society. Individuals recognize that laws can sometimes be unjust, and as a result, they might evaluate these laws against their own ethical beliefs. This notion allows for the adaptability of principles, as they might change with the understanding of new ethical insights or contexts. Therefore, moral judgments are based on critical reasoning about ethical principles rather than mere adherence to rules or the expectations of others.

In summary, the focus on universal ethical principles at this stage signifies a sophisticated understanding of morality that prioritizes individual conscience and justice over conformity to social norms.