Which brain structure is crucial for the formation of new memories?

The hippocampus is a critical brain structure involved in the formation of new memories, particularly in converting short-term memories into long-term memories. It plays a vital role in the process of encoding new information and is also associated with spatial memory and navigation. Research has shown that damage to the hippocampus can result in significant memory impairments, particularly in forming new declarative memories (facts and events), while long-term memories formed prior to damage may remain intact.

In addition to its central role in memory formation, the hippocampus is also linked to various aspects of learning and is interconnected with other brain regions involved in emotional regulation and contextual memory. This makes it essential not only for memory itself but also for the integration of memories with emotions and context.

Other brain regions mentioned have different functions: the cerebellum is primarily involved in the coordination of movement and motor learning, the amygdala is associated with processing emotions, and the thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information before it reaches the cortex. Thus, while all these structures play important roles in brain function, the hippocampus is specifically crucial for new memory formation.