Which characteristic is common in theories of cognitive dissonance?

The characteristic that is common in theories of cognitive dissonance is the conflict between beliefs and actions. Cognitive dissonance theory, proposed by Leon Festinger, suggests that individuals experience psychological discomfort (dissonance) when they hold two or more contradictory beliefs, or when their beliefs are inconsistent with their actions. This discomfort typically motivates individuals to resolve the dissonance by either changing their beliefs, justifying their behaviors, or rationalizing the conflict, thereby striving for internal consistency.

In contrast, the alignment of attitudes and behaviors represents a state of consonance, where there is no dissonance or conflict present. Avoidance of new experiences does not directly relate to cognitive dissonance, as dissonance can occur regardless of whether individuals are engaging in new experiences or maintaining their current attitudes. Isolation from others also does not pertain to the core idea of cognitive dissonance; rather, it refers more to social interaction dynamics and its potential effects on mental well-being. Thus, the essence of cognitive dissonance is fundamentally about the conflict arising from inconsistencies between beliefs and actions, making it the most pertinent characteristic in this context.