Which concept describes the preference in natural selection for specific characteristics in individuals of one sex by individuals of the other sex?

The concept that describes the preference in natural selection for specific characteristics in individuals of one sex by individuals of the other sex is sexual selection. This process explains how certain traits become more pronounced or exaggerated over time because individuals of one sex (typically females) select mates based on specific characteristics, such as size, coloration, or displays of fitness.

Sexual selection can lead to the development of traits that may not necessarily contribute to survival but enhance reproductive success. For instance, a male peacock's extravagant tail is visually impressive and may attract mates, even though it could make him more visible to predators. This demonstrates how traits favored by one sex can shape the evolutionary trajectory of species.

Additionally, while other options mention aspects of selection, they do not specifically refer to the dynamics between the sexes regarding mate choice. Social selection pertains to social interactions affecting reproductive success, genetic drift involves random changes in allele frequencies, and artificial selection is directed by human choices rather than natural mating processes. Thus, sexual selection best captures the idea of mate selection based on specific characteristics.