Which factor is most likely to contribute to downward mobility?

Downward mobility refers to a decline in socioeconomic status or a decrease in an individual’s or family’s economic resources. The factor most likely to contribute to this phenomenon is underemployment or unemployment. When individuals experience underemployment, they are often working in jobs that do not fully utilize their skills or training, which can lead to lower wages and diminished job security. Unemployment, on the other hand, means a complete lack of income from work, which can severely impact an individual’s or family's financial situation and overall quality of life.

Underemployment or unemployment can stress economic stability, making it difficult to maintain previous standards of living, thus leading to downward mobility. In contrast, acquiring new skills, increased household income, or success in education are typically associated with upward mobility, as they enhance employability and can lead to better job opportunities and higher earnings.