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Shadowing refers to a cognitive process where an individual repeats information immediately after hearing it, often used to enhance memory retention and practice language skills. In this context, the correct example is repeating back a phone number immediately after hearing it. This process involves active engagement and quick recall, characteristic of shadowing, as the individual is not only listening but also immediately reproducing the auditory information.

This technique is frequently utilized in language learning settings and studies of auditory processing, where the emphasis is on maintaining focus and accurately mimicking what has just been heard. Shadowing can help improve both cognitive processing speed and auditory discrimination, illustrating its utility in various learning environments.

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