Which method involves the correct identification of previously presented information?

The correct identification of previously presented information is best captured by the method of recognition. Recognition is a cognitive process that involves identifying previously encountered stimuli when they are presented again. This could include identifying the correct answer to a question from a set of options, such as in multiple-choice formats where the correct answer is recognized among distractors.

Recognition relies on the ability to retrieve information from memory with the help of cues or prompts, differentiating it from recall, which requires generating information without such cues. Recall involves bringing information to mind without any provided hints; instead, it requires a more active engagement with memory retrieval.

Spreading activation is a theoretical framework describing how the brain retrieves information through interconnected networks in memory, which is relevant to how various associations are activated, but it does not specifically pertain to the identification of information. The primacy effect refers to the tendency to remember the first items in a list better than those in the middle, which relates more to memory performance than to the method of identifying previously learned information.

Thus, recognition is the most appropriate method for correctly identifying previously presented information.