Which neural process makes postsynaptic neurons more likely to fire?

The correct answer is rooted in the concept of long-term potentiation (LTP), which is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. When LTP occurs, there is an increase in the synaptic strength between two neurons, making the postsynaptic neuron more likely to respond to subsequent stimulation. This process is essential for learning and memory, as it enhances the efficiency of communication between neurons.

LTP is typically facilitated by a series of biochemical and structural changes that enhance synaptic transmission, such as the increased release of neurotransmitters and the sensitivity of the postsynaptic receptors. This mechanism is crucial in neural plasticity, influencing how effectively signals are transmitted in the brain.

In contrast, the other options do not contribute positively to the likelihood of postsynaptic neuron firing. The release of inhibitory neurotransmitters would reduce neuronal excitability, dampening the chances of action potentials. Short-term memory encoding is more related to the initial storage of information rather than directly influencing the firing of neurons over the long term. Neurotransmitter degradation refers to the breakdown of neurotransmitters, which would lead to a decrease in their availability for synaptic transmission, reducing the firing likelihood of postsynaptic neurons.

Thus, long-term potenti