Which of the following accurately describes sanctions in relation to norms?

Sanctions refer to the consequences imposed on individuals for adhering to or deviating from social norms. This concept encompasses a range of responses that can either reward compliant behavior or punish non-compliant behavior. The correct answer highlights the dual nature of sanctions, indicating that they can manifest as both rewards for positive behaviors, such as praise or bonuses, and punishments for negative behaviors, such as fines or social ostracization.

This understanding of sanctions is essential for grasping how societies maintain social order and encourage individuals to conform to established norms. The effectiveness of these sanctions can vary significantly across different cultures and contexts, which underscores the complexity of social behavior and norms in various societies. By recognizing that sanctions can serve both positive and negative functions, one can appreciate their significant role in social dynamics and individual motivations.

In contrast to this, the other options are narrower in scope. Some suggest limitations that do not accurately represent the full range of sanctions and their applications across societies.