Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with classical conditioning?

In the context of classical conditioning, reinforcement is not a concept typically associated with this process. Classical conditioning involves the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to eventually elicit a conditioned response from that neutral stimulus.

Key components of classical conditioning include:

• A conditioned response, which is the learned response to the conditioned stimulus after the conditioning process.
• An unconditioned response, which occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus without prior learning.
• Stimulus generalization, where an organism responds similarly to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus.

Reinforcement, on the other hand, is a concept primarily related to operant conditioning, where behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on the consequences that follow them, such as rewards or punishments. Therefore, reinforcement does not apply to classical conditioning, making it the concept that is not associated with this form of learning.