Which of the following describes panic disorder?

Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks, which are sudden episodes of intense fear or discomfort that arise abruptly and peak within minutes. Individuals with panic disorder often experience physical symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness, as well as psychological symptoms like feelings of impending doom or loss of control. The key aspect of panic disorder is the occurrence of these attacks without a clear or identifiable trigger, making the experience feel particularly alarming and distressing for the individual.

The correct answer encapsulates this defining feature. In contrast, other options refer to different anxiety disorders or symptoms that do not fit the criteria for panic disorder: chronic worry is associated with generalized anxiety disorder, avoidance behavior is characteristic of specific phobias or social anxiety disorder, and persistent fear of social situations aligns with social anxiety disorder. Therefore, the description that highlights the sudden, intense fear without a clear trigger specifically identifies the essence of panic disorder.