Which perspective of behavior emphasizes observable actions over internal processes?

The perspective that emphasizes observable actions over internal processes is behaviorism. This psychological approach focuses on measurable and observable behaviors rather than on introspection or the examination of inner thoughts and feelings. Behaviorists assert that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment and that psychological research should concentrate solely on these observable phenomena to establish a more objective and scientific foundation for psychology.

Cognitive psychology, in contrast, deals with internal mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving, making it less focused on observable behavior. Psychoanalysis delves into unconscious thoughts and motivations, which are inherently internal and subjective. Humanistic psychology, while it values individual experience and personal growth, also incorporates internal processes like feelings and self-perception, rather than focusing solely on observable behaviors. Thus, behaviorism distinctly prioritizes observable actions, which aligns with the premises of this approach.