Which stage of Kohlberg's moral development emphasizes social contracts?

The correct answer emphasizes that Stage 5 of Kohlberg's moral development is characterized by the recognition of social contracts. In this stage, individuals understand that while laws and rules are necessary for societal functioning, they are also aware that these rules can be challenged and changed if they do not serve the greater good or promote justice. This understanding reflects a more nuanced view of morality where individual rights and the welfare of society are taken into account, leading to the idea that moral decisions should be based on principles of equality and mutual benefit.

Individuals at this stage value the importance of democracy and the necessity of adhering to social contracts in order to maintain social order. They acknowledge that while laws are important, they should be constructed through the consensus of the society and should respect the rights of individuals. This emphasis on social contracts showcases an advanced moral reasoning compared to earlier stages, where individuals may base their decisions more on obedience to authority or the consequences of their actions.