Which term describes the awareness of oneself and one's surroundings?

The term that describes the awareness of oneself and one's surroundings is consciousness. Consciousness encompasses a range of mental states, including the ability to perceive and respond to the environment, as well as self-awareness. It reflects a person's capacity to experience thoughts, feelings, and sensory perceptions, making it a fundamental aspect of psychological functioning.

In contrast, the other terms have distinct meanings: subconsciousness refers to the part of the mind that is not currently in focal awareness but can influence thoughts and behaviors without one's conscious awareness. Preconsciousness pertains to thoughts and memories that are not immediately accessible but can be brought to consciousness with some effort. Introspective awareness focuses specifically on an individual's examination of their own thoughts and feelings, but it does not encompass the broader awareness of the external environment. Thus, consciousness is the most comprehensive term that captures both self-awareness and awareness of surroundings.