Which term describes the retrieval of memory without any cues or prompts?

The term that describes the retrieval of memory without any cues or prompts is recall. This process involves accessing information that has been stored in memory without any external assistance. During recall, an individual must retrieve these memories from their own cognitive resources, which may involve reconstructing the memory using the information they have available.

In contrast, recognition refers to the ability to identify previously learned information when presented with it again, often aided by cues that help trigger the memory. Retrieval cues are external stimuli or prompts that assist in recalling information, making it easier to bring specific memories to mind. Decay refers to the theory that memories fade over time when they are not accessed or rehearsed, but it does not pertain to the retrieval method itself.

Understanding recall is crucial, as it highlights the differences in how memories can be accessed, emphasizing the reliance on internal cognitive processes versus external support. This concept is fundamental in psychology, particularly in studies related to memory and cognition.