Which theory emphasizes the interaction between biology and environment in language development?

The Interactionist theory is centered on the idea that language development is a product of the interplay between biological predispositions and environmental factors. This perspective asserts that while humans may possess innate capacities for language, such as a natural inclination to acquire language, the specific nature and richness of language skills are heavily influenced by social interaction and exposure to linguistic input from caregivers and peers.

This theory acknowledges that biological factors, including the structure and function of the brain, enable language learning, but it emphasizes that these biological factors are only fully realized within a context that includes robust social interaction and communication opportunities. Thus, a child does not develop language skills in isolation; instead, their growth is fostered through engaging with others, which shapes how language is learned and used.

The interactionist view is contrasted with nativist theory, which argues for the predominance of innate biological mechanisms in language acquisition, or learning theory and behaviorist approaches, which primarily emphasize environmental stimuli and responses without as much focus on innate biological predispositions. Interactionist theory, therefore, represents a more holistic approach, recognizing that both biological and environmental components are crucial in language development.