Which theory suggests that technological advancements contribute significantly to managing population size?

The theory that suggests technological advancements contribute significantly to managing population size is demographic transition theory. This theory explains how societies transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as they develop economically and socially.

In the initial stages of demographic transition, countries often exhibit high birth rates due to lack of access to healthcare, education, and family planning. As technological advancements occur—such as improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and education—these factors lead to lower mortality rates, and eventually, with further economic development and increased access to contraception and reproductive health education, birth rates also decline. This results in a more balanced population growth.

Demographic transition theory articulates that advancements in technology facilitate this transition by improving living conditions and resources, thereby managing population size more effectively over time. Therefore, this theory embodies the relationship between technological progress and demographic changes, making it the correct answer.